2023年12月1日晚，我校国际商务外语学院外国语言学及应用语言学专业2022级研究生徐修玥，应语言教育与测评研究中心（CLEAR）邀请，为我院师生带来了一场量化民族志的研修坊，我校国际商务外语学院及上外的近二十名师生在博萃楼104参加了此次活动。
Invited by the Centre for Language Education and Assessment Research (CLEAR), Xiuyue Xu, a graduate student specializing in Foreign Languages and Applied Linguistics from the School of Languages of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics (SUIBE), conducted a workshop on Quantitative Ethnography in Room 104 of the Bocui Building in the evening of December 1 2023. About 20 teachers and students from Shanghai University of International Business and Economics (SUIBE) and Shanghai International Studies University (SISU) attended the workshop.
首先，报告人深入浅出地对量化民族志的背景、重要性及应用价值进行了阐述。量化民族志是在数据挖掘、话语分析、心理学、统计学和民族志等方法论的基础上提出的一种创新性科学研究方法。它关注在大数据时代如何处理和分析海量数据以进行社会科学研究的问题。量化民族志中的“量化”
收集大样本数据并运用统计学方法来分析数据。“民族志”旨在深入了解不同文化情境中的人类行为以及解读行为背后的原因，其通常采用田野调查、参与观察、访谈等方法来收集质性数据。量化民族志整合了定性和定量方法，是大数据时代定性研究者理解数据科学、统计学家理解人文科学，积极试图理解学习、文化和人类行为的研究者可利用的有效研究工具。
Firstly, the speaker provided a detailed explanation of the background, significance, and application of quantitative ethnography. This innovative scientific research approach combines data mining, discourse analysis, psychology, statistics, and ethnography. Its primary aim is to address the challenges of processing and analyzing massive amounts of data for social sciences research in the age of big data. The “quantitative” in quantitative ethnography involves the use of statistical techniques to collect and analyze large-scale data. “Ethnography” seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding of people’s actions and the reasons behind them within different cultural contexts. It traditionally relies on methods such as fieldwork, participant observation, and interviews to collect qualitative data. By integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches, quantitative ethnography provides researchers with an effective tool to comprehend data science, bridge the gap between statistics and the humanities, and gain insights into learning, culture, and human behavior in the era of big data.
在报告的第二部分，报告人徐修玥深入阐释了量化民族志的基本原理，介绍了“行”、“节”、“会话”以及“滑动节窗口”等关键概念。“行”是一个有意义的单位，用来传递一个单一的主题或思想，“行”是话语的最小单位，比如会话中的一条发言或论文中的一句话或一段话；“节”是意义相互关联的几行，是每一行的“邻近时间上下文”；“会话”是为了确定界限；“滑动节窗口”
沿着分析文本自上而下滑动的固定数量的行，它为数据中的每一行确定了所对应的节，而窗口的大小是根据实际的分析数据来确定的。
In the second part of the workshop, Miss Xu elucidated the fundamental concepts of quantitative ethnography. These concepts include “line”, “stanza”, “conversation”, and “moving stanza window”. A “line” refers to a meaningful unit of discourse that conveys a single topic or idea. It is the smallest unit of discourse, such as a speech in a conversation or a sentence/paragraph in a written text. “Stanza” refers to a group of lines with interrelated meanings. It represents the “near temporal context”. The term “conversation” is used to define the boundaries of the analysis. It represents the specific interaction or discussion being studied. The “moving stanza window” is used to identify and analyze relevant stanzas of each line of data. It involves sliding a fixed number of lines, forming a window that moves from top to bottom along the analyzed text. The size of the moving window is determined based on the actual data.
在报告的第三部分，报告人徐修玥着重提到量化民族志中的理论饱和，并用生动的例子层层递进介绍了这一概念。理论饱和主要包含两个方面，模型本身的可靠性和编码的有效性；理论饱和是量化民族志研究的关键思想，可以有效地保证研究的质量和准确性。量化民族志实质上是构建由理论层面的意义和实证层面的数据所构成的实证研究闭环，以消解质性研究偏于主观、量化研究偏于表面的不足，并建立起两种研究话语间的联系。
In the third part of the workshop, the speaker delved into the concept of theory saturation in quantitative ethnography. She explained this concept using vivid examples, providing a step-by-step understanding. Theory saturation encompasses two main aspects: model reliability and coding reliability. Theory saturation is a crucial component of quantitative ethnography research as it ensures the quality and accuracy of the research. It acts as a means to establish a closed loop of empirical research, combining theoretical meaning with empirical data. This approach addresses the limitations of both qualitative research, which tends to be subjective, and quantitative research, which often lacks depth. By bridging the gap between these two research approaches, theory saturation facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of these two research discourses.
在报告的第四部分，报告人徐修玥阐释了联结的内涵，并结合案例说明了这一概念在量化民族志研究中的关键作用。当一个节中包含编码为A的行和一个编码为B的行时，说明两个编码A和B之间存在联结。由于滑动节分析窗会依次往下移动，联结会被重复计算多次。因此，当且仅当一个“节”中包含了编码A和编码B的行，且该节的参考行中包含了编码A或编码B，或者包含了编码A和编码B两者，我们才能说A和B是有联结的。
In the fourth part of the workshop, the speaker explained the essence of “connection” and its significance in quantitative ethnography research by providing case examples. The presenter explained that in the context of quantitative ethnography, a connection is established when a stanza contains a line that is coded as A and another line is coded as B. This connection implies a relationship between the two codes A and B. To determine the presence of a connection, a moving stanza window is used, which sequentially moves down the list of stanzas. As the window moves, the connection between the codes is recalculated multiple times. Therefore, based on this approach, it can be concluded that codes A and B are connected if, and only if, a stanza contains lines coded as A and B, and the reference line of the stanza contains either code A or code B, or both.
在报告的最后一部分，报告人徐修玥为在场的师生演示了量化民族志研究所用到的分析工具认知网络分析（ENA）的操作过程。在具体演示前后，报告人与听众进行了积极的互动，并耐心解答参会师生的提问，现场学术氛围浓厚，师生们对量化民族志及其分析方法的操作过程有了更直观的认识，对量化民族志的理解也更加深入。
In the final part of the workshop, the presenter provided a practical demonstration of ENA (Epistemic Network Analysis), an analytical tool commonly used in quantitative ethnography for present audiences. Before and after the demonstration, Miss Xu actively interacted with the audience, answering questions from the teachers and students. This interaction helped create a thick academic atmosphere and deeper understanding of the analytical tool and the operational processes of quantitative ethnography. This hands-on experience allowed the audience to grasp the practical aspects and potential benefits of using ENA to conduct quantitative ethnography research.
此次研修坊为师生们提供了一个了解和探讨量化民族志的平台，不仅丰富了师生们的学术视野，也为他们在未来的研究中提供了宝贵的实践指导。我们期待未来举办更多这样的研修坊，促进对量化民族志的深入理解和应用。
Overall, this workshop served as a valuable platform for teachers and students to expand their understanding of quantitative ethnography. It not only enriched their academic horizons but also equipped them with valuable insights and guidance for their future research endeavors. We look forward to hosting more such workshops in the future to promote a deeper understanding and application of quantitative ethnography.
撰稿人：省可可
Contributed by: Xing Keke